Infertility and Smoking

Studies have demonstrated that smoking is harmful to the ovaries, decreasing the number of healthy eggs available for fertilization.  In addition, the number of genetically abnormal eggs is found to be greater in smokers compared to non-smokers.  Smokers undergoing IVF have been shown to have a decreased number of eggs available for fertilization and significantly increased miscarriage rates. Once pregnant, it is well established that smokers are more likely to deliver low birth weight babies and deliver prematurely.  On the male side, there is evidence the men who smoke produce a greater number of sperm with abnormal sizes and shapes.  Presumably these sperm are less likely to fertilize normally. 

There is a study which has demonstrated that stopping smoking for as little as two months improves the chances for successful conception. Although the long-term effects of smoking on the ovary may be irreversible, some of the adverse effects appear to be reversible.